Burn

 

Temperature and Duration of contact determine the depth and severity of a burn.

44 °C (111 °F) is often cited as the minimum temperature at which burns can begin to occur if the skin is exposed long enough.

                                                              Estimation Of Burns 

Sir A. B. Wallace, a British surgeon, in 1951 as a simple bedside tool to rapidly estimate burn surface area in adults

                                                              Alexander Burns Wallace 

                                                                           Rule Of 9

 The Rule of 9 became widely adopted in burn units and emergency medicine because it balanced speed with reasonable accuracy

Wallace Rule Of 9 For Adults 

Lund And Browder For Children 

The chart was introduced by Charles Lund and Newton Browder, two American plastic surgeons.

They published it in the Annals of Surgery (1944) in their paper “The estimation of areas of burns”.

Their work was based on studying body surface area proportions across different ages.

Death In Burns And Body Surface Area 

A 40-year-old with 60% burns → score 100 → ~100% mortality (classic teaching)

Pathophysiology Of Burns 

Cause Of Death In Burns 

Snapshot