IL-12Rβ1 Mutation

 

Normal Response: IL-12 binds to receptors on T cells (specifically CD4+ Th1 cells) and Natural Killer (NK) cells via the IL-12Rβ1 chain. This signaling cascade induces T and NK cells to produce massive amounts of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ).

Macrophage Activation: IFN-γ binds to receptors on infected macrophages, providing the critical "activation signal" required for the macrophage to destroy the intracellular bacteria.

The Mutation Defect: Loss-of-function mutations in  IL-12Rβ1 chain  (such as nonsense, frameshift, or splice-site variants) prevent the IL-12Rβ1 protein from being expressed on the cell surface or functioning properly. Without functional receptors, T and NK cells cannot respond to IL-12, failing to produce sufficient IFN-γ. Without IFN-γ, macrophages remain unactivated, allowing mycobacteria to multiply uncontrolled inside them.

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Backwash Ileitis

 

 

 

 

 

Inflammatory Bowel Disease 

 

 

 

 

 

BACKWASH ILEITIS 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Asteroid Bodies

Celestial Bodies 

 

 

 

Asteroid 

 

 

 

 

 

Sporotrichosis And Asteroid Bodies  

 

 

 

 

Asteroid Bodies In Sporotrichosis

 

 

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Cat Scratch Disease

 

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Pathology

 

 

 

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Necrosis

                               

 

 

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Coagulative Necrosis

 

 

 

 

 

Liquefactive Necrosis

 

 

 

 

Caseous Necrosis 

 

 

 

 

 

Fat Necrosis

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fibrinoid Necrosis 

 

 

 

 

 

Gangrenous Necrosis

 

 

 

 

 

 

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