Shale

 

                                                                               Shale

                                                                             Shale Gas

 

 

 

Shale Gas Extraction

 

 

 

 Shake Oil And Shale Gas Basins 

 

 

 

 

Current Events

 

 

 

 

 

Snapshot

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jibril

                   

 

 

 

 

 

Current Events

 

Laylat al-Qadr is believed to be the night when the first verses of the Qur’an were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Jibril in the cave of Cave of Hira near Mecca.

This event marks the beginning of prophethood and the start of the revelation of the Qur’an around 610 CE.

Laylat al-Qadr is important because it marks:

• Beginning of Qur’anic revelation
• Start of Islam as a religion
• One of the holiest nights in Islamic history

 

 

 

 

 

Snapshot

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cat Scatch Fever

 

      The organism was first discovered in South America in the early 20th century. 

                                            In 1909, Peruvian scientist Alberto Barton 

                                        Observation: Bacteria inside red blood cells of patients. 

 

 

 

Bacteria Named After A Scientist Alberto Barton  

 

 

 

Human  Infections Caused By Bartonella Species 

 

Bartonella Henslae

  

Named after microbiologist

Diane Hensel (from whom an early strain was obtained in a clinical laboratory). 

 

 

 

 

 

Bartonella Henslae

  

Cat Scratch Fever

 

CATS HAVE NINE LIVES

 

 

 

 

 

 Interesting Fcats

 

 

 

 

 

 

Snapshot 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Magnet Reaction

 

 

 

 

 

Sherrington’s classic decerebrate rigidity experiments

Author: Charles Scott Sherrington
Paper:

• On the spinal animal (1897)
• Decerebrate rigidity, and reflex coordination of movements 

 

 

 

 

Decerebrate Rigidity

 

Sherrington showed that:

·         Transection of the brainstem below the red nucleus → extensor rigidity

·         Reflexes become exaggerated

·         Limbs show strong tonic extension to stimuli (basis of magnet reaction)

 

 

 

 

 

Magnet Reaction 

 

Magnet reaction (in decerebrate rigidity)

Definition:
When a stimulus is applied to the sole of the foot, the limb shows strong extension and seems to stick to the stimulus, as if attracted by a magnet.

How it is tested

• Examiner presses or strokes the sole
• The leg extends forcefully
• The limb may follow the stimulus → appears "magnet-like"

This happens because of:

• Hyperactive extensor reflexes
• Loss of cortical inhibition
• Overactivity of vestibulospinal pathways

 

 

 

 

 

Snapshot