Friday, 3 April 2026
Kiyoshi Shiga
Kiyoshi Shiga
In 1897, during a severe dysentery epidemic in Japan, bacteriologist Kiyoshi Shiga successfully isolated the causative organism from patients’ stool samples.
The epidemic occurred in Japan and caused over 90,000 cases with high mortality, making it a major public health crisis.
Shiga demonstrated that the bacterium produced a potent toxin (now called Shiga toxin), which plays a central role in the disease.
Kiyoshi Shiga = Shigella
Shigella = Shigellosis
Classification Of Shigella
Virulence Factors Of Shigella
Pathophysiology
Shigellosis
Typhoid Mary
Mary Mallon (1869–1938), famously known as “Typhoid Mary,” was the first recognized asymptomatic carrier of Typhoid fever in the United States.
Her story became a landmark in public health history.
- In 1906, sanitary engineer George Soper investigated outbreaks in Oyster Bay, New York
- He traced infections back to Mary Mallon
Shocking finding:
- She had no symptoms
- Yet carried Salmonella Typhi in her gallbladder
Remained in quarantine for 26 years until her death in 1938
Snapshot
Daniel Elmer Salmon
The Plague of Athens may have been caused by Salmonella Typhi (based on modern DNA studies of remains, though debated)
Salmonella: First Discovered In 1884
Salmonella = Daniel Elmer Salmon
Daniel Elmer Salmon = Salmonella
One of the leading causes of foodborne illness worldwide
Classification Of Salmonella
Typhoid Fever
Snapshot
Alien Hand Syndrome
Alien Hand Syndrome (AHS) is a rare and fascinating neurological disorder in which a person’s limb—most often a hand—appears to act independently, without conscious control.
First Formal Description (1908)
- The earliest clear description of the syndrome is credited to Kurt Goldstein in 1908.
- He reported a patient with a brain lesion whose hand seemed to act “on its own,” performing goal-directed movements without the patient’s intention.
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