Blast From The Past: Independence Day Of India

                                                          Indian History Time Period 

15 th August 1947

Jawaharlal Nehru delivered his famous "Tryst with Destiny" speech at the Constituent Assembly inside the Parliament House in New Delhi

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Other Independence Day Facts

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Aprepitant

The history of neurokinins begins with substance P, discovered in 1931 by Ulf von Euler and John H. Gaddum.

While studying extracts from horse brain and intestine, they encountered an unidentified substance capable of producing intestinal smooth-muscle contraction and lowering blood pressure. They called the active preparation “substance P”, with the original "P" referring to their preparation.

A major breakthrough came in 1971, when Chang and Leeman isolated and determined the amino-acid sequence of substance P.

                                               Neurokinin Receptor Antagonist

Aprepitant was introduced clinically as an NK₁ antagonist for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. 

It represented the first major therapeutic success of the neurokinin antagonist field

Other Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonists

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Katayama Fever

 

                                                         Schistosomiasis = Katayama Fever 

 

 

Katayama Fever

 

 

 

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Urease Test

                           

Ureaplasma urealyticum was first discovered in 1954 as "T-strain mycoplasma" by Shepard and colleagues.

M. C. Shepard first isolated these organisms from men with nongonococcal urethritis.

Because the colonies were extraordinarily small, they were initially called “T-strains”, meaning tiny strains, of mycoplasmas

 

 1974: Renamed Ureaplasma urealyticum to reflect its defining urea-splitting enzyme (urease) trait. 

  

 

Urease Test = Pink Colour  

 

 

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Bile Esculin Test

 

                                                                   Enterococcus Faecalis  

 

 

 Bile Esculin Test: Identification Of Enterococcus Faecalis

 

Black Discolouration = Positive Result  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Edwardsiella Tarda

  

A team at the U.S. Communicable Disease Center (CDC)—William H. Ewing, A. C. McWhorter, M. R. Escobar and A. H. Lubin—studied the organisms and proposed a new genus and species: 

 

 

Edwardsiella tarda was initially encountered in reptiles, particularly snakes, as an enteric bacterium.

Early studies found Edwardsiella-like organisms in the intestinal tract of snakes and other reptiles, helping establish its broad association with aquatic and reptilian hosts.

 

  

 

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Blast From The Past: Hadrian

 On August 11, AD 117, Hadrian was officially proclaimed Roman emperor (dies imperii) in Antioch upon receiving news of the death of his predecessor, Trajan. 

Hadrians Pantheon

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