The Panchatantra is one of the world’s oldest and most influential collections of animal fables, originating in ancient India
Animal characters (lion, jackal, crow, tortoise, monkey, etc.) act as metaphors for human behavior.
Uses wit, humor, and practical lessons to teach about strategy, friendship, betrayal, and wisdom.
Strong emphasis on nīti (practical conduct, not strict morality).
Translated into Pahlavi (Persian) around the 6th century CE → later into Arabic as Kalila wa Dimna by Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ (8th century).
Monkey And Crocodile
The Monkey and the Crocodile – A crocodile befriends a monkey but later tries to kill him on his wife’s demand. The clever monkey escapes by saying he left his heart on the tree.
Moral: Wit and presence of mind can save one from danger.
Memory 23.08.2025
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