On April 13, 1919, British Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered troops to open fire on a large, unarmed crowd in the enclosed Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, India, killing hundreds during a peaceful Baisakhi celebration. The 10-minute, unprovoked attack caused panic and resulted in an estimated 379 to over 1,000 deaths, serving as a brutal turning point in India's independence movement

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