Sir Isaac Newton
Partial Crossing Theory (Binocular Vision)
Isaac Newton (1643–1727) proposed that partial crossing of optic fibers could explain binocular vision.
Origin of the word Chiasma
- The term comes from the Greek letter χ (chi).
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The Greek word χίασμα (chiasma) means
a crossing arranged like the letter chi (X).
In modern anatomical nomenclature:
- Latin: Chiasma opticum
- English: Optic chiasma (or optic chiasm)
- Used in official terminology such as Terminologia Anatomica
- Jean‑Martin Charcot (1825–1893) correlated optic chiasm lesions with bitemporal hemianopia.





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