Kounis Syndrome

                                                                       

                                                                    Kounis Syndrome

First Described: By Nicholas G. Kounis in 1991.

 Mechanism: Allergic reaction → Release of inflammatory mediators (histamine, tryptase, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, etc.) → Coronary artery spasm, thrombosis, or plaque rupture.

Can occur in patients with or without pre-existing coronary artery disease.

                                                                         

 

 

Kounis syndrome may be triggered by:

• Drugs: NSAIDs, antibiotics (e.g. amoxicillin, ceftriaxone), anesthetics, contrast media.
• Foods: Shellfish, nuts, etc.
• Insect stings: Bee or wasp venom.
• Environmental exposures: Latex, pollen.

 

Pathophysiology

Allergens cause mast cell degranulation.

Release of histamine, platelet activating factor (PAF), and cytokines.

Effects:

Coronary vasospasm (transient constriction of arteries)

Plaque rupture in atherosclerotic arteries

Thrombosis (clot formation)

 

 

 

 

                                           Types Of  Kounis Syndrome  And Management

 

 

 

COVID 19 Vaccine Induced Kounis Syndrome 

 

 

 

 

 

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