The earliest known windmills appeared in the region of Sistan (present-day Iran and Afghanistan) between the 7th and 10th centuries CE. These were vertical-axis windmills, known as panemone mills, with sails made from reed mats or cloth. They were primarily used for grinding grain and pumping water.
Some of the oldest surviving windmills are the ancient Asbads of Nashtifan in Iran, which have operated for nearly a thousand years.
Windmill technology spread westward through the Islamic world and reached Europe during the 11th–12th centuries
Windmills became especially important in the Netherlands. From the 15th century onward, Dutch engineers used them to pump water and reclaim land from the sea, creating the famous polders.
Current Events
Snapshot
No comments:
Post a Comment