William Leishman and Charles Donovan
William Leishman, working at the Royal Victoria Hospital at Netley, identified unknown parasites in the spleen of a soldier who had died near Calcutta.
Leishman speculated that the disease might be a form of trypanosomiasis.
Around the same time, Charles Donovan at Madras Medical College made similar observations and corresponded with Ross, who named the parasites Leishman-Donovan bodies.
The parasite was later classified as Leishmania donovani.
Leishmania Donovani
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1920: Pentavalent Antimony
Upendra Brahmachari achieved a breakthrough in 1920. He synthesized urea stibamine, a compound that combined urea with para-amino phenyl stibnic acid. Urea stibamine significantly advanced the therapy for kala-azar.
By 1925, the mortality rate had dropped to 10%, with a recovery rate of 95%.
This new drug was not only a milestone in India but also proved effective in other countries, including Greece, France, and China
Snapshot
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