Orexin: Wakefulness
Orexin: Story
1998: IUPHAR searching for new signalling molecules independently discovered
Orexin
Sakurai, Yanagisawa named these peptides Orexin A and B
Orexins were thought to promote feeding
Orexins comes from Orexis (Greek word for apetite)
Later Orexins were strongly associated with Sleep/Wakefulness
Neurotransmitters in Wakefulness and Sleep
Melatonin (Sleep) VS Orexin (Awake)
Orexins: Wakefullness/Food Intake/Energy Metabolism
Orexin in CNS
Human Brain contains 50K-80K orexin producing neurons
Orexins present in lateral and posterior hypothalamus project in arousal regions
These neurons have projections to the arousal regions we just saw, mainly the locus ceruleus and the tuberomammillary nucleus.
Orexin System: Wakefulness/Arousal
Orexin in Human Pathology
Narcolepsy: Deficiency of Orexin production in the Brain
Tuberomammilary Nucleus: Wakefulness Promoter
Tuberomammilary Nucleus: Coffee House Of The Brain
Lateral Hypothalamus: Orexin
Stimulants Known To Promote Wakefulness and Arousal
Prescription Meds
Modafinil: jumpstarts the Brain
Other Widely Known Stimulants
Coffee: Universal Stimulant
Apart from coffee Prescription Stimulants used
Snapshot
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