Thursday, 30 August 2018

Orexin




Orexin: Wakefulness





Orexin: Story



1998: IUPHAR  searching for new signalling molecules independently discovered

Orexin 

Sakurai, Yanagisawa named these peptides Orexin A and B 

Orexins were thought to promote feeding 

Orexins comes from Orexis (Greek word for apetite)


Later Orexins were strongly associated with Sleep/Wakefulness




Neurotransmitters in Wakefulness and Sleep


Melatonin (Sleep) VS Orexin (Awake)

Orexins: Wakefullness/Food Intake/Energy Metabolism






Orexin in CNS

Human Brain contains 50K-80K orexin producing neurons







Orexins present in lateral and posterior hypothalamus project in arousal regions



These neurons have projections to the arousal regions we just saw, mainly the locus ceruleus and the tuberomammillary nucleus.


Orexin System: Wakefulness/Arousal



Orexin in Human Pathology

Narcolepsy: Deficiency of Orexin production in the Brain



Tuberomammilary Nucleus: Wakefulness Promoter

Tuberomammilary Nucleus: Coffee House Of The Brain

Lateral Hypothalamus: Orexin 



Stimulants Known To Promote Wakefulness and Arousal

Prescription Meds

Modafinil: jumpstarts the Brain






Other Widely Known Stimulants





Coffee: Universal Stimulant


Apart from coffee Prescription Stimulants used




Snapshot














































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