Dream

You Dream When You Sleep

Cycles Of Sleep

NON REM: Stage 1-4

REM: Stage 5 

NREM: Stage 1-4: Slow Respiration/ Slow Heart Rate/Low BP/Low Brain Activity

REM: Increase Brain Activity and Vivid Dreams

REM (Random Eye Movement)

Random Eye Movement relate to the visual images of DREAMS

Dream: Images/Idea/Emotions/Sensations/Abstracts

All of it occur subconsciously in the mind during sleep

In Eight Hours Of Sleep: 2 Hours are spent dreaming

Dreams can last for few seconds to upto 20 minutes

Average Person has 3 -5 dreams per night

You remember your dream if you are awakened during REM phase

Interesting Facts About Dreams

4000 BC TO 21 st Century

Snapshot

Lipofuscin

Pigment: Coloured Substance 

Differ in their chemical nature, origin and biological significance 

Occur Normally and Abnormally

Exogenous Pigments (Outside Of The Body)

Endogenous Pigments (Synthesized within the body)

Ageing and Pigment 

Ageing: Process Of  Becoming Older

Population Ageing: Increase in the median age of a population 

Cellular Ageing is the basis of the body ageing 

Ageing Pigment: It tells that your body is Old

Lipofuscin Pigment 

Accumlation  of metabolic products (Wear and Tear Pigments)

Seen in Heart/Liver and Brain

Lipofuscin seen in Ageing

Lipofuscin imparts an appearance to the tissue: Brown Atrophy

Snapshot

Resting Membrane Potential

Neuron: Resting Potential To Action Potential To Refractory Potential

Resting Potential 

   The state during which no nerve impulse is being conducted along the neuron.

             Resting Membrane Potential is generated by differences in ionic make up 

               Differences in ionic make up of intracellular and extracellular fluid

Basis Of Resting Membrane Potential 

                 Differences in ionic make up of intracellular and extracellular fluid

When a cell is at rest

The pumping of Na-K ATPase exactly equals the diffusion of Na and K

3 Na out and 2 K in 

RMP Calculated: Nernst and Goldman Equation

RMP in Different Cells

RMP of a Neuron is  - 70  MV

Resting Potential To Action Potential Of A Neuron

Action Potential Of A Neuron 

Brief reversal of Resting Membrane Potential  

Negative outside to Postive Inside

-70 MV TO +30 MV

The Generation Of A Action Potential Of A  Neuron 

Neuronal Work

Resting Membrane Potential To Action Potential To Refractory Potential

Snapshot

Neural Impulse: Resting Potential To Action Potential To Refractory Period

Resting Membrane Potential