SOFA

 

• The SOFA score was developed in 1994–1996 by a working group of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM).

• The aim was to create a simple, reproducible scoring system to describe and quantify organ dysfunction/failure in ICU patients, particularly in sepsis.

• The original system was called the Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA).

First Publication

• The score was first described in 1996 by Jean-Louis Vincent and colleagues.

  Published in Intensive Care Medicine (1996). 

   “The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure.”

   
   

   

  qSOFA   (USA contribution)

   

  Development of qSOFA 

  During the Sepsis-3 work, American researchers including Mervyn Singer, Clifford S. Deutschman, and others proposed the quick SOFA (qSOFA).

  qSOFA parameters:

  1. Respiratory rate ≥22/min

  2. Altered mentation

  3. Systolic BP ≤100 mmHg

  qSOFA was designed mainly for use outside ICUs, particularly in emergency departments and wards. 

  In many American hospitals, qSOFA is used for:

  • Rapid sepsis screening in the emergency department

  • Early warning on hospital wards

  • Triggering sepsis protocols or rapid response teams

  However, U.S. guidelines such as those from the Society of Critical Care Medicine emphasize that qSOFA is a risk-stratification tool, not a definitive diagnostic test for sepsis.

  
  

   

  

  
   

  
  Current Events
   
   

   

   

   

   

  SOFA To SOFA 2.0 

   

   

   

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Lanthanum Carbonate

 

   Lanthanum was discovered in 1839 by the Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander. 

Mosander named the new element Lanthanum from the Greek word “lanthanein”, meaning “to lie hidden.” 

 

 

 

 

 Applications Of Lanthanum

 

 

 

 

Chemistry To Medicine 

 

 

Lanthanum Carbonate 

 

 

Lanthanum is mainly used in medicine as the phosphate-binding drug Lanthanum carbonate, particularly for patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Hyperphosphatemia. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current Events

 

National Hospitalist Day, USA  

The term “hospitalist” was popularized in 1996 by Robert M. Wachter and Lee Goldman in a landmark article in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Hospitalists:

• Manage inpatient medical care

• Coordinate with specialists and nurses

• Oversee diagnostic testing and treatment plans

• Improve patient safety and hospital efficiency

 

 

 

 

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Warts and Holy Bible

  

                                                                  Human Papillomavirus

 

 

 

Modern Timeline Of Human Papiilloma Virus 

 

 

HPV and Warts  

 

 

 

HPV and  Warts

 

 

 

 

Warts and the Holy Bible 

 

Leviticus 22:22  

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current Events

 

 

 

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Ringertz Tumour

 

                                                                 Human Papillomavirus  

 

 

 

 

 

 HPV Induced Lesions 

 

 

 

 

    HPV And  Inverted Pailloma aka Ringertz Tumor

  

The tumour was described by Swedish pathologist Nils Ringertz in 1938.

He reported a peculiar sinonasal tumour in which the epithelium grew inward (inverted) into the underlying stroma rather than outward like typical papillomas. Because of his detailed description, inverted papilloma was historically called Ringertz tumour.

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

Current Events

 

 

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Sexually Transmitted Disease Causing Cancer

 

                                                              Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

 

 

                                                                                HPV

                                              Sexually Transmitted Disease Causing Cancer 

 

 

 

                                                                          Current Events

                                                              International HPV Awareness Day

                                      

 

                                                                            Snapshot