Haffkine

Waldemar Haffine (1860-1930), a Russian-Jewish microbiologist, developed early cholera and plague vaccines.

 He  left Russia in 1888 because of anti-Semitic restrictions on his work, and immigrated to France to join the Pasteur Institute. 

Haffkine went to India in 1893 to test his newly developed cholera vaccine, and spend much of the next 30 years there

                                  Introduction of Anti - Cholera Inoculation In  Calcutta 1894

Waldemar Haffkine (1860-1930) conducted tests of his two-dose cholera vaccine in India beginning in 1893.

In his trials, he employed control and experimental groups, a relatively new practice for the time, and vaccinated more than 40,000 people. Though he was not always able to maintain rigorous controls, his methods would become useful models for future vaccine trials. His vaccine showed efficacy in many of the trial subgroups.

By mid-1896, Haffkine had concluded that the use of an initial attenuated vaccine was unnecessary, and so, as his trials continued, he tested only the second, more potent vaccine.

                                                                       Haaffkine and Vaccination 

Quotes 

Vaccination and News 

New York’s Orthodox Jewish community is battling measles outbreaks. Vaccine deniers are to blame.

Rockland County and New York City have declared emergencies because of the outbreaks.  

As of April 10, 2019 at least 285 people in New York City — mainly in Brooklyn’s Williamsburg and Borough Park neighborhoods — had fallen ill. In nearby Rockland County, 168 people have caught the virus. The outbreaks have prompted health officials in both areas to declare states of emergency.

Measles was eliminated in the US in 2000 — but outbreaks linked to vaccine refusal have been popping up in insular communities

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