World Violin Day

 

World Violin Day is celebrated every year on December 13th around the world. This date is widely recognized as the violin’s special day for appreciation and celebration. 

                                         

World Vitamin B12 Day

                                                                   Dorothy Hodgkins 

                                                                       Vitamin B12 

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World Vitamin B12 Day

This date marks the anniversary of a key milestone in scientific history: in 1947, the first crystalline form of vitamin B12 was isolated, a breakthrough that enabled its study and use in nutrition and supplements. 

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Trip To Kasol

 

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2025: MD Forensic Medicine And Toxicology

 

Typhus

Typhus refers to a group of infectious diseases caused mainly by Rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic typhus), Rickettsia typhi (murine typhus), and Orientia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus). 

                            

Among these, epidemic typhus has had major historical impact.

The first unmistakable accounts of epidemic typhus date to the 1489 siege of Granada (Spanish War against Moors)

Typhus became notorious as a “camp fever” or “jail fever”.

Major outbreaks:

• Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) – Typhus killed more soldiers than combat.

• Irish Famine and English prisons – Overcrowding spread lice, the disease vector.

• Napoleonic Wars:

• During Napoleon’s 1812 invasion of Russia, epidemic typhus killed hundreds of thousands, contributing significantly to the collapse of his army.

                                                           Typhus Defeats Napoleon 

Charles Nicolle demonstrated that typhus is transmitted by the body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis). This earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1928).

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                                                                  Typhus Defeats Napoleon

Nobel Prize Day

 

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World Techno Day

 

World Techno Day is celebrated every year on December 9.''

The date honors Juan Atkins, born on December 9, 1962 — widely regarded as 

                                                  “The Originator of Techno.”

He was part of the “Belleville Three” (Juan Atkins, Derrick May, Kevin Saunderson), the Detroit musicians credited with creating Detroit Techno in the early 1980s.

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Klumpkes Paralysis

 

Augusta Klumpke To Klumpkes Paralysis

Klumpke paralysis is named after Augusta Déjerine-Klumpke (1859–1927), an American-born French neurologist.

• She was one of the first prominent female neurologists in Europe.

• In the late 19th century (1880s–1890s), she studied brachial plexus injuries extensively.

• She specifically described injuries to the lower brachial plexus (C8–T1) causing paralysis of the small muscles of the hand and sensory deficits along the ulnar side of the forearm and hand.

Her work provided the first detailed clinical correlation between lower plexus lesions and their characteristic neurological patterns—what became known as Klumpke paralysis.

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Mycobacterium Bovis

                                                                 Mycobacteriun     

Mycobacterium Bovis

1890s, bacteriologists such as Theobald Smith studied tubercle bacilli from cattle and humans.

In 1898, Smith demonstrated important differences between human and bovine strains (growth rate, virulence, host specificity).

This led to M. bovis being recognized as a distinct member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC).

Mycobacterium Bovis To BCG Vaccine 

• M. bovis plays a central role in TB vaccination history.

• In 1908, Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin began attenuating M. bovis through serial subculturing.

• After 230 passages over 13 years, the organism lost virulence.

• In 1921, the BCG vaccine (Bacille Calmette–Guérin)—an attenuated strain of M. bovis—was administered to humans for the first time.

• BCG remains the world’s only TB vaccine.

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